My presentation about how to write an abstract

Definition of abstract: An abstract is a condensed version of a longer piece of writing that highlights the major points covered, concisely describes the content and scope of the writing, and reviews the writing's contents in abbreviated form.

Two types of abstracts are typically used: Descripitive abstract & Imformative abstract.

Why are abstracts so important?
The practice of using key words in an abstract is vital because of today's electronic information retrieval systems. Titles and abstracts are filed electronically, and key words are put in electronic storage. When people search for information, they enter key words related to the subject, and the computer prints out the titles of articles, papers, and reports containing those key words. Thus, an abstract must contain key words about what is essential in an article, paper, or report so that someone else can retrieve information from it.

Steps for writing abstracts:
To write an effective abstract, follow these steps:

• Reread the article, paper, or report with the goal of abstracting in mind.
  
  • Look specifically for these main parts of the article, paper, or report: purpose, methods, scope, results, conclusions, and recommendation.
  • Use the headings, outline heads, and table of contents as a guide to writing your abstract.
  • If you're writing an abstract about another person's article, paper, or report, the introduction and the summary are good places to begin. These areas generally cover what the article emphasizes.
• After you've finished rereading the article, paper, or report, write a rough draft without looking back at what you're abstracting.
  
  • Don't merely copy key sentences from the article, paper, or report: you'll put in too much or too little information.
  • Don't rely on the way material was phrased in the article, paper, or report: summarize information in a new way.
• Revise your rough draft to
  
  • correct weaknesses in organization.
  • improve trasitions from point to point.
  • drop unnecessary information.
  • add important information you left out.
  • eliminate wordiness.
  • fix errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
• Print your final copy and read it again to catch any glitches that you find.

1. First, write your paper. Abstracts will be at the beginning of you paper, it should be the last section that you write. Once you finished your paper, use it as a guide for writing abstracts.

2. Begin your abstracts on a new page and the running head and page No.2 on the top right corner.

3. Keep it short, abstracts should be no longer than 150-250 words, it should be written as only one paragraph. In order to briefly describe your paper, you need determine which parts are the most important.

4. Stracture your abstracts in the same order as your paper. Begin with a brief summary of introduction, and then continue on summary of methods, results and disscussion sections of your paper.

Conclusion: Make sure you add no new information in your abstract, just simply summarize your paper. In addition, abstract should be understandable to be read.